Mahatma Gandhi's Wartime Epistles on Peace and Indian Freedom

Mahatma Gandhi's Wartime Epistles on Peace and Indian Freedom

The global geopolitical landscape in World War II was severely fractured along ideological and military faultlines and saw the horrors of imperial expansionism. Amidst all that a loincloth clad man picked up a pen and addressed the most powerful players on the global stage including Adolf Hitler, Franklin Roosevelt, the leaders of Imperial Japan and Chiang Kai-shek of China. These wartime epistles represent the ultimate trial of Gandhi’s core philosophy of peace (Ahimsa) and freedom (Swaraj).

In July 1939, as Nazi Germany prepared to march into Poland, Gandhi composed his first letter to Adolf Hitler with a direct plea saying,"It is quite clear that you are today the one person in the world who can prevent a war which may reduce humanity to a savage state." In his second, longer letter written in December 1940, Gandhi explicitly denounced Hitler’s actions as "monstrous and unbecoming of human dignity".He argued that brute force inevitably generates a greater brute force to defeat it and said “You are leaving no legacy to your people of which they would feel proud”.

Gandhi’s communication with President Roosevelt focused on Freedom as a perequisite for peace. He admired American ideals of democracy and liberty, but pointed out a glaring contradiction; how could the Allied powers claim to fight for global freedom while Great Britain kept nearly 400 million Indians in colonial bondage? Gandhi wrote, "I venture to think that the Allied declaration that the Allies are fighting to make the world safe for freedom and democracy sounds hollow so long as India and, for that matter, Africa are exploited by Great Britain.

In July 1942, Gandhi published an open letter "To the Japanese”, when imperial Japan had arrived at the doorstep of India after capturing Singapore and Burma. He condemned Tokyo’s militarism and its brutal war against China and did not accept them as liberators saying "You will be sadly disappointed if you believe that you will be welcomed by us as deliverers". His correspondence with Chinese nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek reflected deep solidarity among colonized and invaded peoples. When Chiang Kai-shek visited India in early 1942 Gandhi reassured Chiang saying "I should like to assure you that I will not take any hasty step that will result in jeopardizing the position of China".

Mahatma Gandhi understood Indian independence not as an isolated nationalist ambition, but as an essential catalyst for global moral order. He refused to let one nation's freedom come at the expense of another's destruction and to him peace and freedom were two sides of the same coin. By challenging Hitler’s violence, speaking about Roosevelt’s democratic inconsistency, rejecting Japan’s wars and comforting China’s suffering, Gandhi elevated India's struggle for independence as just and moral. He was clear that permanent peace can never be won through the sword, and true freedom can never be built on the exploitation of others.

Original article: https://www.dn.pt/opiniao-dn/epstolas-de-mahatma-gandhi-em-tempo-de-guerra-sobre-a-paz-e-a-liberdade-da-ndia

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