“The Indian community, by nature, education and the ethos it brings with it, is hard-working”

“The Indian community, by nature, education and the ethos it brings with it, is hard-working”

Ambassador Puneet R. Kundal spoke to DN about India’s ambition to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the growing strategic partnership with the USA, the challenging neighbourhood with Pakistan, and also the challenges in the relationship with Portugal.

India is the most populous country in the world, a civilisation-state, and an economic powerhouse. How important is it for India to become a member of the United Nations Security Council?

We are about 1.4 billion people. In terms of population, we have surpassed China. We have always viewed our population as a positive asset. We have always said that if there is a mouth to feed, there are two hands to work. This has been our principle, and we have been able to shape our workforce in a way that has contributed positively. We are now the fifth-largest economy in the world, by some standards even the fourth. Certainly, the expectation is that in the coming years, we will become the third-largest economy, leaving only China and the US ahead of us. Some even predict that we could become the largest economy by 2075, which isn’t that far off. And we are a nation, a civilisation-state with a history dating back to 5000 BCE, to the Harappan civilisation and even earlier. We represent about 18-19% of the global population. So yes, we aspire to have a seat on the UN Security Council. It is impossible to exclude 18% of the world from the structure of management or the mechanisms of global financial and political governance. I can also add that we have received the support of several countries, including permanent members of the UN, backing our candidacy. We are grateful to Portugal for its support as well. Last year, Prime Minister Montenegro, in his speech at the UN, clearly stated that India and Brazil deserve to be on the UN Security Council.

As a global power, what is India’s relationship like with the United States, the world's leading power?

I understand there is a good personal relationship between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Donald Trump. There is also an influential Indian community in the US. I was in charge of the commercial department of the Indian Embassy in Washington during President Trump’s last administration. It’s therefore a country I know well. It is our largest trading partner, with bilateral trade reaching nearly $190 billion last year. The US is also a significant source of investment, amounting to nearly $5 billion last year. About 5.4 million people of Indian origin live in the US. Their presence is evident, even in the current administration, with many individuals of Indian descent holding prominent positions. The US is also the preferred destination for Indian students, with approximately 350,000 Indians currently studying there. Our relationship spans multiple levels. In terms of energy, the US is our sixth-largest trading partner, with trade worth around $13.5 to $14 billion. On defence, the relationship has grown strategically. From nearly nothing 20 years ago, we now have a relationship worth around $24 billion in defence equipment purchased from the US. India has been designated a major defence partner by the US, enjoying bipartisan support in the country. Regardless of whether the administration is Republican or Democratic, we have managed to keep the relationship on track. We are also cooperating in new and niche areas such as artificial intelligence. Our Prime Minister was in Paris co-chairing the AI summit, and he also met with President Trump in the US. It is a forward-looking relationship with significant potential. Around 10-15% of our defence platforms and equipment are now of US origin, though Russia remains our largest supplier, accounting for 60-70%. I should also highlight the 2005 nuclear agreement with the US following our nuclear tests, which opened India’s doors to the world. This led us to adopt IAEA monitoring and gain access to nuclear technology. Today, India and the US have a Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership.

You mentioned Russia, which has been a traditional partner of India since Soviet times. But there is also China. India is a BRICS member alongside these two nations. How does India manage partnerships with these two powers, especially China, with which it has territorial disputes?

India and China have coexisted for thousands of years. Today, both are nuclear powers and over a billion people live on each side. We do have our issues, of course. But as our Foreign Minister said in a recent lecture, the India-China relationship must be viewed through three paradigms: mutual respect, mutual sensitivity, and mutual interests. We have an annual bilateral trade of around $118-119 billion with China, although the trade balance is in their favour. China exports about $100 billion to us, while we export between $18 and $19 billion. This relationship has its challenges, and until the border issue is fully resolved, it will not be possible to have a completely normalised relationship. That said, in forums like BRICS, we agree on common points of view and cooperate within the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Diplomatic exchanges are ongoing, and embassies have remained operational even during border tensions.

China has achieved significant economic success over the past 40 years. India is also succeeding but began its efforts later and is not yet at the same level. How do you foresee India’s economic development?

Yes, China began its economic reforms much earlier, in 1978. We started ours in 1991. However, it is worth noting that reforms in an open, liberal, and democratic society follow their own course. Progress cannot be forced. India is a democracy. Every issue is debated and discussed. Any reform must go through Parliament, with everyone on-board. In India, we have the entire spectrum of ideologies, from the far left to the far right. Thus, a middle path that is acceptable to all must always be found in order to move forward. Naturally, India’s path is slower, but it is also steadier, broader, and more inclusive. Our voters cast their decisions every five years, sending very clear messages. For instance, Prime Minister Modi secured a third term this year, reflecting a mandate from an electorate of 900 million - one and a half times the population of Europe. Such clear mandates indicate that something positive is happening. That is the difference between the Indian and Chinese approaches. Our reforms, progress, and development are therefore broader. It involves people. It involves a broad consensus. It is a democratic consensus. And India is a secular country, home to nearly every religion one can imagine. One can think in about 1,500 languages, 22 official ones, and 15,000 dialects. And one can think about people of all races. It is therefore a true marvel, and, as I mentioned, it is a civilisation-state. The economic reforms will undoubtedly take us in the right direction.

Since independence, India has been a secular state. However, there are criticisms of the current government, suggesting it is not entirely fair to the Muslim minority. How do over one billion Hindus coexist with more than 200 million Muslims, around 30 million Christians, 20 million Sikhs, and others?

I reject the notion that there are any problems for any religion in India. Certainly, there are none. At the time of Partition, the Muslim population in India was about 20%. It remains the same percentage today. By contrast, in Pakistan, the Hindu minority was around 23% at the time but has fallen to 2%. Clearly, something is happening which is not correct. We are aware of the radicalisation that took place in Pakistan. But, anyhow, this is not a comparison I enjoy making. As far as India is concerned, as an ambassador, with my authority, I can confidently state that there are no inter-religious problems in India. However, as I said, given India’s immense diversity, some local issues arise and are addressed locally. No society is entirely without challenges, many of which date back to colonial times. This was the so-called ‘divide and rule’ policy, which was actually the primary cause of India’s Partition in 1947.

You mentioned Partition, the end of British colonialism, and the creation of modern India and Pakistan. What is the current state of India-Pakistan relations?

Pakistan is a neighbouring country, and we would like to have friendly relations with all our neighbours. Unfortunately, this has not been possible because Pakistan has used terrorism as a state policy tool. Let us not forget the 2008 Mumbai attacks carried out by Lashkar-e-Taiba, or the 2019 bus attack by Jaish-e-Mohammed, which killed 40 paramilitary personnel. Both groups are based in Pakistan. And in 2024, there were 25 instances of terrorism originating from Pakistan, resulting in the deaths of about 25 uniformed personnel and 30 civilians. Pakistan has promoted cross-border terrorism and contributed with the smuggling of weapons, tunnelling activities, and drug trafficking into India. This cannot continue. Nevertheless, we have always expressed a desire for forward-looking, amicable relations. And it was actually Pakistan that retreated, in 2019. Even the level of diplomatic representation was brought down. They have severed communication channels. And a sad reminder, but one that we should point out, is that Osama bin Laden was found in Abbottabad, Pakistan. And this support for terror is now eroding Pakistan’s political fabric. Radicalisation is starting to affect them. As Hillary Clinton famously said, “You can’t keep snakes in your backyard and expect them to bite only your neighbours”.

You arrived in Lisbon in mid-2024. How would you describe the relationship between Portugal and India?

It is a relationship deeply rooted in history. And it it actually the type of relationship that created an identity, both for India and for Portugal. Simply put, Portugal became Portugal when it discovered India, and India became India when discovered by Portugal. For instance, India’s agriculture would be vastly different if the Portuguese had not brought papayas, pineapples, and various crops from South America. This year marks 50 years since the restoration of diplomatic relations between India and Portugal. We were back in 1975. And since then the relationship has expanded. We have been having high-level exchanges. Portugal’s President visited India in 2020. Our Prime Minister was here in 2017. Prime Minister Costa visited India the same year. Our External Affairs Minister visited Portugal in November 2023. Last December, Foreign Minister Rangel visited India, marking his first visit to the country. We started this year on a positive note with a film festival at the São Jorge Cinema. We hope to celebrate this milestone appropriately, possibly with a high-level state visit from India.

On the economy, are there Indian investments in Portugal?

Indian investments in Portugal amount to about €460 million, with significant potential for growth. Some key areas of focus include IT. I was delighted to attend the Web Summit in November last year. For the first time, we hosted a delegation from NASCOM, India’s largest software association. They visited a few days before the Web Summit, but it was surprising that neither NASCOM nor the Web Summit knew of each other before this. I’m pleased to have facilitated this connection. Still, about 150 participants from India attended the Web Summit. We are also exploring renewable energy and green hydrogen cooperation. People-to-people contacts are very important. Trade and tourism are also a function of connectivity. We are working on signing an air services agreement, which we hope to finalise soon, enabling direct flights between India and Portugal.

There is a growing Indian community in Portugal. How do you view the integration of new Indian immigrants into Portuguese society?

Immigrants are addressing a critical labour shortage in Portugal, and I believe this contribution is valued. All I can say about the Indian community, part of a global Indian diaspora of 36-37 million, is that it is known for its near-absence in crime statistics. The Indian community, by nature, due to the education it has received and the ethos it brings with it, is a hard-working, peace-loving community, integrating easily into a new society. And I think it not only fills the workforce gaps but also contributes positively to the multicultural and welcoming spirit that Portugal is so proud of.

Original article: https://www.dn.pt/internacional/a-comunidade-indiana-por-natureza-educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-e-o-ethos-que-traz-consigo-%C3%A9-trabalhadora

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