Historic India–EU Free Trade Agreement: Opens doors to a new economic era

Historic India–EU Free Trade Agreement: Opens doors to a new economic era

On 27 January 2026, India and the EU agreed on a landmark Free Trade Agreement (FTA).The pact links the EU’s 27 member states with India and encompassing a combined market of roughly two billion people, 1/3rd global trade and 1/4th of the world GDP. The sentiments expressed by leaders indicate the clarity of vision, size, scope and potential of this agreement made in the New Delhi summit meeting between European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, European Council President Antonio Costa and Prime Minister Narendra Modi. President of the European Commission called it “Mother of All Deals” while President of the European Council called India and the EU as “strategic, reliable partners taking our partnership to the next level”. Prime Minister Modi called the agreement as a “Blueprint for Shared Prosperity”.

The India–EU FTA reduces or eliminates tariffs on a wide array of goods and services for both sides. India will get preferential access to the European markets across 97% of tariff lines covering 99.5% of trade value while offering 92.1% of its tariff lines that cover 97.5% of the EU exports. For India, the agreement provides expanded access for goods ranging from textiles and leather products to services and technology inputs. For EU exporters, the pact eases barriers and provides access to India’s vast and traditionally protected sectors.

Negotiations for the India–EU trade pact date back to 2007. Negotiations were paused in 2013 amid disagreements over market access and regulatory standards. Talks resumed in earnest in 2022 against the backdrop of growing global trade tensions and concerns over protectionism and the strategic imperative for diversified economic partnerships. The deal took almost 18 years to fructify, underlining that if there is a shared understanding and mutual desire of achieving a goal, debate and discussion will be part of a democratic process. The deal that has emerged is not merely a trade instrument but a building block in a rules-based international economic order. It fits in well with EU’s broader policy objective of forging resilient partnerships that extend into security, climate policy and defense cooperation.

The deal comes at a time when global supply chains face disruption from geopolitical pressures even as post- pandemic recovery is on. It creates a structured trade and investment framework that can strengthen supply chain resilience, particularly in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, automotive components and renewable energy technologies. The agreement may also serve as a model for future trade agreements that balance market access with strategic cooperation on climate policy, digital trade, regulatory alignment and labor mobility and bridge diverse economies. More could emerge as implementation unfolds. The agreement is still to be ratified by the EU institutions and India, but both sides have signalled readiness to work through those procedural steps.

Portugal has played a very important role in realising this milestone.The 1st Summit India-EU summit took place in June 28, 2000 in Lisbon under the Portuguese Presidency where the idea of a FTA was first discussed. Portugal then organised the India-EU leaders’ Meeting in May 2021 under the Portuguese Presidency that helped reposition India as a strategic partner and gave the trade negotiations a serious and decisive push. It established the roadmap that led to resumption of negotiations in 2022. Portugal helped to restart and sustain negotiations, acted as a bridge builder inside the EU and provided political momentum especially at critical moments. That it was finalized by the hands of Mr. Antonio Costa, the President of European Council is perhaps the completion of this circle.

Original article: https://www.dn.pt/opiniao-dn/opiniao/acordo-histrico-de-comrcio-livre-ndia-ue-abre-portas-a-uma-nova-era-econmica

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